US lawmakers concerned by accuracy of facial recognition
在周三的一次聽證會上，美國政界人士對臉部識別軟體的準確性和日益增長的使用表示關注。
US politicians expressed concerns about the accuracy and growing use of facial recognition software, at a hearing on Wednesday.
該技術由包括亞馬遜和微軟在內的公司開發，並被全世界的執法部門越來越多地使用。
The technology is being developed by firms including Amazon and Microsoft and increasingly used by law enforcement worldwide.
一些臉部識別技術會誤識別有色人種。
Some facial recognition technologies misidentify women and people of color.
公民自由和隱私團體對如何收集這些程序的數據提出了擔憂。
Civil liberties and privacy groups have raised concerns about how the data for these programs are being gathered.
紐約女議員Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez說：“這是我們在這裡看到的一些現實生活中的黑鏡(一部美劇），”這是對科幻電視節目的探討，它探索了技術的黑暗面。
"This is some real-life Black Mirror stuff that we're seeing here," said New York congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, a reference to a science-fiction TV show that explores the dark side of technology.
美國議員正在研究一項法案，以限制使用臉部識別。
US lawmakers are working on a proposal for a bill to limit the use of facial recognition.
“暫停科技”
'Pause the technology'
一些技術專家對如何使用由政府和私人公司控制的不斷增長的臉部識別數據庫表示關注。
Some tech experts have raised concerned about how growing facial recognition databases- controlled by governments and private companies - are being used.
紐約大學AI Now研究所聯合主任，聽證會的證人Meredith Whittaker說：“我認為我們需要暫停這項技術，並讓其餘技術趕上來。”
"I think we need to pause the technology and let the rest of it catch up," said Meredith Whittaker, co-director of New York University's AI Now Institute and a witness at the hearing.
她認為需要製定規則，要求獲得臉部識別軟體的同意。目前，在美國，一個人能夠看到相機以表示同意就足夠了。
She argued the rules needed to be put in place requiring consent for facial recognition software. Currently, in the US it is enough for a person to be able to see the camera to grant consent.
Whittaker女士說，不應讓公司利益“競爭”，並且在沒有保障的情況下將這項技術納入其系統。
Ms. Whittaker said corporate interest should not be allowed to "race ahead" and incorporate this technology into their systems without safeguards.
表示正在開發臉部識別程序的公司包括Google，微軟，亞馬遜和Facebook。
Companies that have said they are working on developing facial recognition programs include Google, Microsoft, Amazon, and Facebook.
公司通過多種方式收集數據以構建其臉部識別軟體，包括通過CCTV錄像以及通過抓取網站（包括Flickr和Facebook等照片共享網站）。
Companies collect data to build their facial recognition software in multiple ways including through CCTV footage and by scraping websites including photo-sharing sites like Flickr and Facebook.
像Instagram和Snapchat上使用的那樣的照片濾鏡也可以用來磨練臉部細節。
Photo filters like the ones used on Instagram and Snapchat can also be used to hone details of faces.
美國警察部隊已指出成功使用臉部識別技術來識別失蹤兒童和罪犯。
Police forces in the US have pointed to the successful use of facial recognition technology to identify missing children and criminals.
但是算法中的偏差導致了誤識別。通常不會告訴那些由於臉部識別軟件而被指控犯罪的人使用了該技術。
But biases in the algorithms have led to misidentification. Those accused of crimes because of facial recognition software are often not told the technology has been used.
也有人擔心，專制政權可能會使用技術來監視公民。
There are also concerns that technology could be used by authoritarian regimes to monitor citizens.
像中國這樣的國家已經建立了廣泛的監視系統。臉部識別可以更輕鬆地跟蹤人的行為運動。
Countries like China already have extensive surveillance systems set up. Facial recognition makes it easier to track a person's movement.
儘管該技術現在還不是完美無瑕的，但是一些立法者對隨著該技術變得更加精確而帶來的影響感到懷疑。
While the technology is not flawless now, some lawmakers wondered about the implications as the technology becomes more accurate.
北卡羅萊納州的代表 Mark Meadow說：“如果我們只關注他們的臉部識別方法不正確的事實，那麼我們將錯過整個論點。”
"If we only focus on the fact that they're not getting it right with facial recognition, we missed the whole argument," said Rep Mark Meadows, from North Carolina.
來自弗吉尼亞州的代表Gerry Connolly對專家組說：“無論其準確性如何，對該技術及其使用都存在內在的擔憂。”
"Irrespective of its accuracy, there are intrinsic concerns with this technology and its use," Representative Gerry Connolly from Virginia told the panel.
這是美國眾議院監督委員會在不到一年的時間裡舉行的第三次關於臉部識別技術的聽證會。
This was the third hearing the US House of Representative Oversight Committee has held on the facial recognition technology in less than a year.
Source: BBC
