From the sex lives of pygmy seahorses to parasites that turn shrimp into zombies, the ocean is a world of extraordinary stories. Pygmy seahorses, no larger than a fingernail, challenge perceptions of marine life. British marine biologist Richard Smith, while studying Denise’s pygmy seahorse in Sulawesi, Indonesia, discovered complex social behaviors, including polygamy—a first for the seahorse family.
Smith's research dives have taken him to over 23 countries, resulting in The World Beneath, a book featuring more than 300 images showcasing marine wonders like flasher wrasses and tongue-eating parasites. His work highlights both the awe-inspiring beauty and the pressing challenges facing marine ecosystems, such as coral bleaching and habitat destruction.
A heavily pregnant male Denise's pygmy seahorse is photographed on his way to give birth, in Wakatobi, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Richard Smith/OceanRealmImages.com
Smith’s role as the IUCN focal lead for pygmy seahorses reinforces his commitment to conservation, as seen in his assessment of the critically endangered Walea soft coral pygmy seahorse. He hopes to inspire readers with the unknown marvels of the ocean and instill a sense of urgency to protect these fragile ecosystems.
“There’s so much left to discover,” Smith says. “This is our chance to save incredible species and ecosystems before they’re lost forever.”
