For a long time, scientists have theorized about the existence of moon caves, underground tunnels formed by volcanic activity connected to craters on the moon's surface. Recently, an international team of researchers has discovered the first direct evidence linking the moon&rsquos deepest known crater to a cave that could potentially shelter astronauts.

### Radar Data Reveals Moon Caves

To find this cave, the team studied radar measurements from a crater on the vast plain named "Mare Tranquillitatis," the Apollo 11 mission landing site in 1969. NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter collected radar data in 2010 using wavelengths to detect subsurface objects. The study, published in Nature Astronomy, found a hollow space 130 to 170 meters below the surface, suggesting the presence of a cave. Lunar caves can offer significant benefits for astronauts and lunar rovers.

### Potential Benefits for Lunar Exploration

The newly discovered cave, at least 45 meters wide and 30 to 80 meters long, could be part of a longer lava tube yet to be fully explored. These caves could offer protection from the harsh lunar environment, including radiation and extreme temperatures, making them crucial for future space exploration. As NASA and other space agencies like China race to establish a long-term human presence on the moon, identifying such protective regions becomes essential.

### Future Exploration of Moon Caves

According to the study, analyzing the rocks within these caves could provide new insights into lunar evolution and volcanic activity. These findings could also help integrate lunar caves into surface base designs, offering a safe haven for astronauts and equipment. The next steps involve detailed exploration, possibly using robotic cranes or climbing equipment to reach the cave's depths, as proposed by the European Space Agency.