Archaeologists at Pompeii have uncovered one of the largest and most elaborate thermal spa complexes yet found at the site, shedding light on how elite ancient Romans entertained their guests. Discovered within a residential house, the luxurious bath spaces were connected to a fresco-covered banquet hall revealed earlier this year, suggesting the house was a grand setting for social gatherings and celebrations.
The spa complex, capable of hosting around 30 people, included a hot room, a warm room, a cold room, and a changing area with benches. At its center was a peristyle court, measuring 10 meters by 10 meters, featuring a large pool. The opulent design mirrored the Greek gymnasium aesthetic, reinforced by athletic-themed decorations.
Gabriel Zuchtriegel, director of the Archaeological Park of Pompeii, noted the spa and banquet spaces were designed as a theatrical display of the owner’s wealth and status, intended to impress guests. This echoes scenes from Roman literature, such as in Petronius’ Satyricon, where luxurious baths played a key role in dinner party rituals.
The benches in the changing room suggest the spa could accommodate 30 people, according to the Archaeological Park of Pompeii. MIC-Parco archeologico di Pompei
The discovery is part of ongoing excavations in Region IX of Pompeii, which have also revealed a bakery, renovated living spaces, and rooms adorned with intricate frescoes. Pompeii, preserved under volcanic ash since Mount Vesuvius’ eruption in 79 AD, continues to provide extraordinary insights into ancient Roman life.
