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  • 菲律賓國旗

  ‘Mystery volcano’ that erupted and cooled Earth in 1831 has finally been identified

  In 1831, a massive volcanic eruption cooled Earth’s climate by ejecting sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, but the volcano's identity remained unknown—until now. Scientists have identified the source as Zavaritskii volcano on Simushir Island in the Kuril archipelago. The eruption, one of the largest of the 19th century, dropped Northern Hemisphere temperatures by 1°C (1.8°F) during the Little Ice Age, contributing to widespread famine.Using ice cores from Greenland, researchers matched volcanic ash and sulfur isotopes to Zavaritskii, whose last known eruption was around 800 BC. The caldera created by the 1831 explosion spans 1.87 miles, and the event significantly disrupted global climate. Other major eruptions during this period, such as Mount Tambora in 1815, also marked the waning of the Little Ice Age.The examination of ice cores in Greenland provided clues about the "mystery volcano" that erupted in 1831. Michael SiglThe study highlights the climatic impact of volcanoes in remote areas, which are poorly monitored, making future eruptions hard to predict. The researchers urge the scientific community to better prepare for potential global consequences of volcanic activity, emphasizing the importance of international collaboration to address these challenges.

  2025-01-09 09:00
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  • 菲律賓國旗

  Historical mysteries solved by science in 2024

  In 2024, scientific advancements shed light on historical figures and events, unraveling mysteries that have lingered for centuries. Ancient DNA and advanced analysis techniques revealed new insights into the lives of notable and lesser-known individuals, while raising intriguing new questions.For example, DNA analysis of Pompeii’s victims challenged long-held assumptions, showing that what was thought to be a mother and son were unrelated—a man comforting a child in their final moments. In Denmark, a study of the "Vittrup Man," a Stone Age migrant, highlighted his transition from a coastal hunter-gatherer diet to a farming lifestyle before his violent death.Meanwhile, researchers linked a skeleton found in a Norwegian castle well to a Norse saga, uncovering details about the man’s origins and his potential role in history. Genetic studies also debunked the myth of Kaspar Hauser as a "lost prince," proving he wasn’t related to German royalty, though his true identity remains a mystery.The fragmented skull of "Vittrup Man" is on display at Denmark's Vendsyssel Historical Museum. Stephen FreiheitThe year also brought fresh insights into Ludwig van Beethoven’s health, with evidence of lead poisoning from contaminated wine and fish, illuminating how his ailments may have shaped his legendary compositions. Additionally, Tycho Brahe’s alchemical work and Johannes Kepler’s sunspot sketches provided glimpses into Renaissance science, offering clues about celestial phenomena and solar cycles.These discoveries underscore the power of science to revisit the past, challenging assumptions and piecing together the intricate stories of human history.

  2025-01-09 09:00
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  • 菲律賓國旗

  Americans have already been ditching spirits and beer. Alcohol companies are future proofing themselves

  A recent warning by the US Surgeon General labeling alcohol as a “preventable cause of cancer” has spurred major beer and spirits companies to adapt to shifting consumer behaviors. Brands like Molson Coors, Anheuser-Busch InBev, Diageo, and Pernod Ricard have expanded their portfolios with non-alcoholic beverages, targeting health-conscious younger generations who are drinking less.Molson Coors has diversified beyond beer, introducing non-alcoholic drinks like Peroni 0.0 and Naked Life canned cocktails, contributing to a 70% rise in sales in the U.S. over the past year. Similarly, Anheuser-Busch InBev has launched non-alcoholic versions of popular beers, such as Budweiser Zero and Michelob Ultra Zero, which have shown significant revenue growth.Spirits companies are also embracing the trend. Diageo acquired Ritual Zero Proof, offering non-alcoholic options for classic cocktails, while Pernod Ricard introduced a booze-free gin and sparkling wine. Moët Hennessy made its first venture into the non-alcoholic category by investing in French Bloom, catering to “flexidrinkers” who seek moderation without sacrificing taste.Smirnoff-maker Diageo bought Ritual Zero Proof last year. Bryan Steffy/Getty Images for Nightclub & Bar Media GroupNon-alcoholic drinks are gaining popularity beyond Dry January, with consistent year-round growth. This shift reflects evolving consumer priorities, presenting a lucrative opportunity for alcohol companies to future-proof their businesses and meet rising demand for healthier alternatives.

  2025-01-08 09:00